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When your motion-control build demands a reliable, dimensionally consistent gear that drops straight into a standard Mod 1 drivetrain, sourcing the wrong tooth count or a soft-steel blank wastes time and money. Makers, CNC builders, and automation engineers who need a single-source solution for the full 12-to-160-tooth range will find this pinion gear series covers every stage ratio they need — from compact motor pinions to large reduction wheels.
Each gear is machined from 45# medium-carbon steel and features a 1 Module (Mod 1) tooth profile with a 10 mm (0.394 in) face width. Outer diameters run from 14 mm (0.551 in) for the 12-tooth pinion up to 162 mm (6.378 in) for the 160-tooth wheel, with bore sizes varying by tooth count — see variant options for exact bore dimensions. The 20° pressure-angle involute tooth form is the global standard for interchangeable Mod 1 gearing.
Typical use cases include CNC router and laser-cutter rack-and-pinion axes, stepper- and servo-motor output shafts in 3D-printer extruder gearboxes, and speed-reduction stages in conveyor and robotic-arm joints where a compact 10 mm face width keeps the assembly narrow. The wide tooth-count selection also makes this series a go-to replacement gear for industrial automation equipment using standard Mod 1 gearing.
Medium-carbon steel delivers a solid balance of machinability and load-bearing strength, suitable for moderate-to-high torque drives in CNC and automation applications.
One series covers pinion gears from 12T (14 mm OD) to large 160T wheels (162 mm OD), letting you source every stage of a multi-reduction gearbox from a single listing.
The 10 mm (0.394 in) face width keeps assemblies compact while providing adequate tooth contact area for typical servo and stepper motor torque outputs.
The 20° pressure-angle involute tooth form is the international standard for Mod 1 gearing, ensuring smooth meshing and interchangeability with racks, worms, and mating gears from any compliant supplier.
Each gear is machined to a consistent bore diameter matched to its tooth count — see variant options for the exact bore size. Bore can be enlarged by a machinist if a larger shaft fit is needed.
Suited for CNC router axes, 3D-printer gearboxes, robotic-arm joints, conveyor drives, and replacement gearing in Mod 1 industrial equipment — wherever a compact, steel spur gear is required.
| Module | 1 (Mod 1) |
|---|---|
| Pressure Angle | 20° |
| Tooth Count Range | 12T – 160T (see variant options) |
| Outer Diameter Range | 14 mm – 162 mm (0.551 in – 6.378 in) |
| Face Width (Thickness) | 10 mm (0.394 in) |
| Material | 45# Medium-Carbon Steel |
| Tooth Profile | Involute |
| Bore Diameter | See variant options |
| Keyway | See variant options |
| Surface Finish | See variant options |
| Weight | See variant options |
Calculate your required gear ratio first: divide the driver tooth count by the driven tooth count. For a CNC axis, match the pinion tooth count to your rack pitch and motor step resolution. Smaller tooth counts (12T–20T) are typical motor pinions; larger counts (60T–160T) are used as driven wheels in reduction stages. If you are replacing an existing gear, count the teeth on the original or measure the outer diameter — for Mod 1, OD = (tooth count + 2) × 1 mm.
45# medium-carbon steel has a tensile strength of approximately 600–800 MPa in the normalized condition. For most hobby CNC, 3D-printer, and light automation drives operating at low-to-moderate speeds (under 1000 RPM) and torques, this material is adequate. For high-cycle industrial duty or shock-load applications, consider heat-treated or alloy-steel gears. Actual load capacity depends on tooth count, face width, speed, and lubrication.
45# carbon steel is not inherently corrosion-resistant. For indoor, dry environments — typical of CNC machines and robotics — the bare steel surface is acceptable with light lubrication (grease or oil). For humid or outdoor environments, apply a rust-inhibiting grease, or consider a zinc-plated or stainless-steel alternative. Do not use in direct water immersion without protective coating.
Yes — any gear or rack marked "Module 1" or "Mod 1" with a 20° pressure angle will mesh correctly with this series. Confirm the module and pressure angle on your existing components before ordering. Mod 1 is not compatible with DP (diametral pitch) gears used in some US-standard systems; 1 Mod ≈ 25.4 DP, but the tooth forms are not interchangeable.
Bore diameter varies by tooth count and is listed in the variant details. As a general guide, smaller pinions (12T–20T) typically have bores in the 4–6 mm range, mid-range gears (30T–60T) in the 8–14 mm range, and larger wheels (80T–160T) in the 16–25 mm range. Check the specific variant option for the exact bore before ordering. If you need a larger bore, a machinist can enlarge it — do not exceed roughly 40% of the root circle diameter.
Yes. Mod 1 spur gears are commonly used in extruder gearboxes and Z-axis reduction drives on desktop 3D printers. The 10 mm face width is well-suited to the narrow gear stacks typical of these assemblies. Verify the bore matches your motor shaft diameter (commonly 5 mm for NEMA 17 motors) and that the tooth count gives you the desired gear ratio before purchasing.
Yes, lubrication extends gear life and reduces noise. Apply a thin film of lithium-based grease or gear oil to the tooth flanks during installation. For light-duty, low-speed applications, re-lubricate every 6–12 months or when you notice increased noise. For higher-speed or higher-load drives, inspect and re-lubricate more frequently. Avoid over-greasing, which can attract debris and accelerate wear.
