For countersunk (flat head) screws, the listed length is the total length including the head. As a general rule, choose a length that allows the head to sit flush with or just below the surface. For example, if your material is 3mm thick and you need the screw to pass through it, a 4–5mm screw typically works well. Always verify the thread engagement depth in the receiving material — generally at least 1.5× the thread diameter is recommended for reliable holding strength.
Quick reference: 3mm ≈ 1/8", 5mm ≈ 3/16", 8mm ≈ 5/16", 10mm ≈ 3/8", 16mm ≈ 5/8", 19.3mm ≈ 3/4".